Wed Dec 20 09:43:52 PST 2006
There are 702 lines in decfull.txt
There are 4700 lines in ppfof_full.txt
There are 34107 words in decfull.txt
There are 36359 words in ppfof_full.txt
34107 <= 34108

Match 1 (1): Reference (000057 .. 000074, of 34107):	Subject (021964 .. 021980, of 36359):
Students will be made aware of gaps problems in Darwin s theory and of other theories of evolution	Students will be made aware of gaps in Darwin s theory and of other theories of evolution
Match 2 (1): Reference (000057 .. 000081, of 34107):	Subject (022174 .. 022198, of 36359):
Students will be made aware of gaps problems in Darwin s theory and of other theories of evolution including but not limited to intelligent design	Students will be made aware of gaps problems in Darwin s theory and of other theories of evolution including but not limited to intelligent design
Match 3 (1): Reference (000057 .. 000088, of 34107):	Subject (022369 .. 022400, of 36359):
Students will be made aware of gaps problems in Darwin s theory and of other theories of evolution including but not limited to intelligent design Note Origins of Life is not taught	Students will be made aware of gaps problems in Darwin s theory and of other theories of evolution including but not limited to intelligent design Note Origins of Life is not taught
Match 4 (1): Reference (000114 .. 000129, of 34107):	Subject (024631 .. 024648, of 36359):
the following statement to students in the ninth grade biology class at Dover High School The	the statement prepared by defendants to be read to students in 9 th grade biology class stated The
Match 5 (1): Reference (000132 .. 000163, of 34107):	Subject (024650 .. 024681, of 36359):
Standards require students to learn about Darwin s Theory of Evolution and eventually to take a standardized test of which evolution is a part Because Darwin s Theory is a theory it	standards require students to learn about Darwin s Theory of Evolution and to eventually take a standardized test of which evolution is a part Because Darwin s Theory is a theory it
Match 6 (1): Reference (000166 .. 000232, of 34107):	Subject (024684 .. 024750, of 36359):
be tested as new evidence is discovered The Theory is not a fact Gaps in the Theory exist for which there is no evidence A theory is defined as a well tested explanation that unifies a broad range of observations Intelligent Design is an explanation of the origin of life that differs from Darwin s view The reference book Of Pandas and People is available for students	being tested as new evidence is discovered The Theory is not a fact Gaps in the Theory exist for which there is no evidence A theory is defined as a well tested explanation that unifies a broad range of observations Intelligent design is an explanation of the origin of life that differs from Darwin s view The reference book Of Pandas and People is available for students
Match 7 (1): Reference (000225 .. 000246, of 34107):	Subject (010882 .. 010903, of 36359):
Of Pandas and People is available for students who might be interested in gaining an understanding of what Intelligent Design actually involves	Of Pandas and People is available for students who might be interested in gaining an understanding of what intelligent design actually involves
Match 8 (1): Reference (000250 .. 000287, of 34107):	Subject (024778 .. 024819, of 36359):
any theory students are encouraged to keep an open mind The school leaves the discussion of the Origins of Life to individual students and their families As a Standards driven district class instruction focuses upon preparing students to	any theory students are encouraged to keep an open mind The school leaves the discussion of the Origins of Life up to individual students and their families As a standards driven district class instruction focuses on the standards and preparing students to
Match 9 (1): Reference (000337 .. 000349, of 34107):	Subject (034913 .. 034923, of 36359):
establishment of religion prohibited by the First Amendment to the United States Constitution	Establishment Clause of the First Amendment to the United States Constitution
Match 10 (1): Reference (000515 .. 000525, of 34107):	Subject (034925 .. 034937, of 36359):
United States Constitution and Art I 3 of the Pennsylvania Constitution	U S C 1983 and Art I Sec 3 of the Pennsylvania Constitution
Match 11 (1): Reference (000553 .. 000565, of 34107):	Subject (013351 .. 013366, of 36359):
resident of Dover Pennsylvania is a parent of a child in the ninth	resident of Dover Pennsylvania She is a parent of a child in the second grade in
Match 12 (1): Reference (000567 .. 000577, of 34107):	Subject (013436 .. 013449, of 36359):
and a child in the eleventh grade at Dover High School	a parent of a child in the eleventh grade at Dover Area High School
Match 13 (1): Reference (000590 .. 000601, of 34107):	Subject (012976 .. 012987, of 36359):
first learned of the biology curriculum controversy from reading the local newspapers	first learned of the biology curriculum controversy from reading the local newspapers
Match 14 (1): Reference (000602 .. 000616, of 34107):	Subject (012994 .. 013008, of 36359):
Bryan and Christy Rehm residents of Dover Pennsylvania are parents of a child in the	Bryan and Christy Rehm are residents of Dover Pennsylvania They have a child in the
Match 15 (1): Reference (000629 .. 000641, of 34107):	Subject (013031 .. 013043, of 36359):
in the Dover Area School District and a child of pre school age	in the Dover Area School District and a child of pre school age
Match 16 (1): Reference (000652 .. 000684, of 34107):	Subject (013054 .. 013089, of 36359):
Bryan Rehm learned of the biology curriculum controversy by virtue of being a member of the science faculty at Dover Area High School Before and after his resignation he regularly attended Board meetings	Bryan Rehm learned of the biology curriculum controversy by virtue of being a member of the science faculty at Dover Area High School 4 39 41 Before and after his resignation he regularly attended Board meetings
Match 17 (1): Reference (000689 .. 000705, of 34107):	Subject (013095 .. 013111, of 36359):
Christy Rehm learned of the biology curriculum controversy by virtue of discussions she had with her husband	Christy Rehm learned of the biology curriculum controversy by virtue of discussions she had with her husband
Match 18 (1): Reference (000714 .. 000732, of 34107):	Subject (013139 .. 013159, of 36359):
Deborah F Fenimore and Joel A Leib residents of Dover Pennsylvania are the parents of a child in the	Deborah F Fenimore and Joel A Leib are residents of Dover Pennsylvania They are the parents of a child in the
Match 19 (1): Reference (000764 .. 000773, of 34107):	Subject (013183 .. 013192, of 36359):
Leib first learned of a change in the biology curriculum	Leib first learned of a change in the biology curriculum
Match 20 (1): Reference (000766 .. 000777, of 34107):	Subject (013244 .. 013254, of 36359):
learned of a change in the biology curriculum by reading local newspapers	learned of the biology curriculum change by reading the local newspapers
Match 21 (1): Reference (000780 .. 000791, of 34107):	Subject (013351 .. 013363, of 36359):
resident of Dover Pennsylvania is a parent of a child in the	resident of Dover Pennsylvania She is a parent of a child in the
Match 22 (1): Reference (000785 .. 000809, of 34107):	Subject (013152 .. 013178, of 36359):
a parent of a child in the eighth grade in the Dover Area School District and intends for his child to attend Dover High School	are the parents of a child in the eighth grade in the Dover Area School District and intend to send their child to Dover Area High School
Match 23 (1): Reference (000810 .. 000819, of 34107):	Subject (013229 .. 013238, of 36359):
Stough did not attend any Board meetings until December 2004	Stough did not attend any board meetings until December 2004
Match 24 (1): Reference (000810 .. 000836, of 34107):	Subject (013229 .. 013254, of 36359):
Stough did not attend any Board meetings until December 2004 and prior to that he had learned of the biology curriculum change by reading the local newspapers	Stough did not attend any board meetings until December 2004 Prior to that he had learned of the biology curriculum change by reading the local newspapers
Match 25 (1): Reference (000837 .. 000851, of 34107):	Subject (013261 .. 013278, of 36359):
Beth A Eveland resident of York Pennsylvania is a parent of a child in the	Beth A Eveland is a resident of York Pennsylvania She is the parent of a child in the
Match 26 (1): Reference (000848 .. 000866, of 34107):	Subject (013023 .. 013043, of 36359):
a child in the first grade in the Dover Area School District and a child of pre school age	a child in the first grade at schools in the Dover Area School District and a child of pre school age
Match 27 (1): Reference (000868 .. 000909, of 34107):	Subject (013295 .. 013341, of 36359):
intends for her children to attend Dover High School Eveland attended her first Board meeting on June 14 2004 Prior to that she had learned of the issues relating to the purchase of the biology books from reading the York Daily Record	intends to send her children to Dover Area High School 6 92 93 Eveland Eveland attended her first board meeting on June 14 2004 Prior to that she had learned of the issues relating to the purchase of the biology books from reading the York Daily Record
Match 28 (1): Reference (000911 .. 000924, of 34107):	Subject (013347 .. 013363, of 36359):
Cynthia Sneath resident of Dover Pennsylvania is a parent of a child in the	Cynthia Sneath is a resident of Dover Pennsylvania She is a parent of a child in the
Match 29 (1): Reference (000921 .. 000939, of 34107):	Subject (013023 .. 013043, of 36359):
a child in the first grade in the Dover Area School District and a child of pre school age	a child in the first grade at schools in the Dover Area School District and a child of pre school age
Match 30 (1): Reference (000941 .. 000959, of 34107):	Subject (013380 .. 013403, of 36359):
intends for her children to attend Dover High School Sneath attended her first Board meeting on October 18 2004	intends to send her children to Dover Area High School 15 75 76 Sneath Sneath attended her first board meeting on October 18 2004
Match 31 (1): Reference (000966 .. 000976, of 34107):	Subject (012977 .. 012987, of 36359):
learned of the biology curriculum controversy from reading the local newspapers	learned of the biology curriculum controversy from reading the local newspapers
Match 32 (1): Reference (000979 .. 000990, of 34107):	Subject (013266 .. 013278, of 36359):
resident of York Pennsylvania is a parent of a child in the	resident of York Pennsylvania She is the parent of a child in the
Match 33 (1): Reference (001007 .. 001017, of 34107):	Subject (013056 .. 013069, of 36359):
learned of and followed the biology curriculum controversy by reading the	learned of the biology curriculum controversy by virtue of being a member of the
Match 34 (1): Reference (001007 .. 001019, of 34107):	Subject (013467 .. 013479, of 36359):
learned of and followed the biology curriculum controversy by reading the local newspapers	learned of and followed the biology curriculum controversy by reading the local newspapers
Match 35 (1): Reference (001024 .. 001046, of 34107):	Subject (013489 .. 013517, of 36359):
and Frederick B Callahan residents of Dover Pennsylvania are parents of a child in the tenth grade at Dover High School Barrie Callahan	and Frederick B Callahan are residents of Dover Pennsylvania They are parents of a child in the eleventh grade at Dover Area High School 3 123 124 B Callahan
Match 36 (1): Reference (001046 .. 001055, of 34107):	Subject (013052 .. 013064, of 36359):
Callahan learned of the biology curriculum controversy by virtue of	C Rehm Bryan Rehm learned of the biology curriculum controversy by virtue of
Match 37 (1): Reference (001046 .. 001067, of 34107):	Subject (013523 .. 013544, of 36359):
Callahan learned of the biology curriculum controversy by virtue of her status of a former Board member and from attending Board meetings	Callahan learned of the biology curriculum controversy by virtue of her status as a former board member and from attending board meetings
Match 38 (1): Reference (001099 .. 001108, of 34107):	Subject (012738 .. 012746, of 36359):
Dover Area School District Board of Directors hereinafter the Board	Dover Area School District Board of Directors the Board
Match 39 (1): Reference (001129 .. 001139, of 34107):	Subject (012752 .. 012762, of 36359):
is comprised of Dover Township Washington Township and Dover Borough all	is comprised of Dover Township Washington Township and Dover Borough all
Match 40 (1): Reference (001144 .. 001155, of 34107):	Subject (012763 .. 012774, of 36359):
in York County Pennsylvania There are approximately 3 700 students in the	in York County Pennsylvania There are approximately 3 700 students in the
Match 41 (1): Reference (001157 .. 001170, of 34107):	Subject (012777 .. 012792, of 36359):
with approximately 1 000 attending Dover High School Joint Stip of Fact 3 The	with approximately 1 000 attending Dover High School Joint Stipulations of Fact 3 o 123 There
Match 42 (1): Reference (001553 .. 001566, of 34107):	Subject (003679 .. 003691, of 36359):
the Supreme Court turned the proscription against teaching creation science in the public school	the Supreme Court s Edwards decision that teaching creation science in public schools
Match 43 (1): Reference (003915 .. 003926, of 34107):	Subject (035293 .. 035307, of 36359):
of Defendants actions it is necessary to trace the history of the	of the Board s actions is the promotion or endorsement of religion and thus they
Match 44 (1): Reference (005057 .. 005068, of 34107):	Subject (001042 .. 001054, of 36359):
and who has written extensively on the subject of evolution and religion	a theologian who has written extensively on the subject of evolution and religion
Match 45 (1): Reference (005079 .. 005096, of 34107):	Subject (001104 .. 001120, of 36359):
is not a new scientific argument but is rather an old religious argument for the existence of God	is not a new scientific argument but rather an old religious argument for the existence of God
Match 46 (1): Reference (005079 .. 005145, of 34107):	Subject (001104 .. 001168, of 36359):
is not a new scientific argument but is rather an old religious argument for the existence of God He traced this argument back to at least Thomas Aquinas in the 13 th century who framed the argument as a syllogism Wherever complex design exists there must have been a designer nature is complex therefore nature must have had an intelligent designer Trial Tr vol 9 Haught Test	is not a new scientific argument but rather an old religious argument for the existence of God This argument traces back at least to Thomas Aquinas in the 13 th century who framed the argument as a syllogism Wherever complex design exists there must have been a designer nature is complex therefore nature must have had an intelligent designer 9 1 Haught Dr Haught testified
Match 47 (1): Reference (005151 .. 005166, of 34107):	Subject (001166 .. 001181, of 36359):
Dr Haught testified that Aquinas was explicit that this intelligent designer everyone understands to be God	Dr Haught testified that Aquinas was explicit that this intelligent designer everyone understands to be God
Match 48 (1): Reference (005168 .. 005179, of 34107):	Subject (001185 .. 001196, of 36359):
The syllogism described by Dr Haught is essentially the same argument for	The syllogism described by Dr Haught is essentially the same argument for
Match 49 (1): Reference (005182 .. 005220, of 34107):	Subject (001199 .. 001235, of 36359):
presented by defense expert witnesses Professors Behe and Minnich who employ the phrase purposeful arrangement of parts Dr Haught testified that this argument for the existence of God was advanced early in the 19 th century by Reverend Paley	presented by Professors Behe and Minnich employing the phrase purposeful arrangement of parts o 3 Dr Haught testified that this argument for the existence of God was advanced early in the 19 th Century by Reverend Paley
Match 50 (1): Reference (005234 .. 005249, of 34107):	Subject (001251 .. 001265, of 36359):
based on the purposeful arrangement of parts is the same one that Paley made for design	based on purposeful arrangement of parts is the same one that Paley made for design
Match 51 (1): Reference (005272 .. 005288, of 34107):	Subject (001305 .. 001320, of 36359):
Nov 4 2005 The only apparent difference between the argument made by Paley and the argument for	o 4 The only apparent difference between the argument made by Paley and the argument for
Match 52 (1): Reference (005302 .. 005313, of 34107):	Subject (001333 .. 001344, of 36359):
s official position does not acknowledge that the designer is God However	s official position does not acknowledge that the designer is God However
Match 53 (1): Reference (005315 .. 005335, of 34107):	Subject (001354 .. 001373, of 36359):
Dr Haught testified anyone familiar with Western religious thought would immediately make the association that the tactically unnamed designer is God	Dr Haught testified anyone familiar with western religious thought would immediately make the association that the unnamed designer is God
Match 54 (1): Reference (005361 .. 005371, of 34107):	Subject (001395 .. 001405, of 36359):
any intelligent actor known to exist in the natural world P	any intelligent actor known to exist in the natural world Professors
Match 55 (1): Reference (005381 .. 005405, of 34107):	Subject (001405 .. 001431, of 36359):
Professors Behe and Minnich admitted their personal view is that the designer is God and Professor Minnich testified that he understands many leading advocates of	Professors Behe and Minnich acknowledged that it was their personal view that the designer is God and Professor Minnich testified that he understands many leading advocates of
Match 56 (1): Reference (005422 .. 005441, of 34107):	Subject (001466 .. 001482, of 36359):
proponents of the IDM occasionally suggest that the designer could be a space alien or a time traveling cell biologist	proponents occasionally suggest that the designer could be a space alien or a time traveling cell biologist
Match 57 (1): Reference (005493 .. 005527, of 34107):	Subject (001515 .. 001550, of 36359):
what kind of intelligent agent was it the designer and answer On its own science cannot answer this question It must leave it to religion and philosophy P 11 at 7 9 13 14 Haught	what kind of intelligent agent was it the designer and answers On its own science cannot answer this question It must leave it to religion and philosophy P11 at 7 emphasis added 9 13 14 Haught
Match 58 (1): Reference (005557 .. 005570, of 34107):	Subject (001600 .. 001614, of 36359):
proponents reveal that the designer postulated by their argument is the God of Christianity	proponents similarly reveal that the designer postulated by their argument is the God of Christianity
Match 59 (1): Reference (005632 .. 005642, of 34107):	Subject (001694 .. 001703, of 36359):
s religious philosophical and cultural content The following is a representative	s religious philosophical and cultural content The following are representative
Match 60 (1): Reference (005683 .. 005696, of 34107):	Subject (001704 .. 001720, of 36359):
Trial has written that theistic realism or mere creation are defining concepts of the	a Phillip Johnson has written that theistic realism or mere creation are the defining concepts of the
Match 61 (1): Reference (005698 .. 005717, of 34107):	Subject (001724 .. 001742, of 36359):
This means that God is objectively real as Creator and recorded in the biological evidence Trial Tr vol 10 Forrest	This means that God is objectively real as Creator and recorded in the biological evidence 10 80 81 Forrest
Match 62 (1): Reference (005728 .. 005776, of 34107):	Subject (001745 .. 001793, of 36359):
Phillip Johnson states that the Darwinian theory of evolution contradicts not just the Book of Genesis but every word in the Bible from beginning to end It contradicts the idea that we are here because a creator brought about our existence for a purpose 11 16 17 Forrest P	Phillip Johnson states that the Darwinian theory of evolution contradicts not just the Book of Genesis but every word in the Bible from beginning to end It contradicts the idea that we are here because a creator brought about our existence for a purpose 11 16 17 Forrest P524
Match 63 (1): Reference (005781 .. 005794, of 34107):	Subject (001797 .. 001810, of 36359):
proponents Johnson William Dembski and Charles Thaxton one of the editors of Pandas situate	proponents Johnson William Dembski and Charles Thaxton one of the editors of Pandas situate
Match 64 (1): Reference (005796 .. 005827, of 34107):	Subject (001813 .. 001844, of 36359):
in the Book of John in the New Testament of the Bible which begins In the Beginning was the Word and the Word was God 11 18 20 54 55 Forrest P	in the Book of John in the New Testament of the Bible which begins In the Beginning was the Word and the Word was God 11 18 20 54 55 Forrest P524
Match 65 (1): Reference (005832 .. 005868, of 34107):	Subject (001874 .. 001911, of 36359):
357 Dembski has written that ID is a ground clearing operation to allow Christianity to receive serious consideration and Christ is never an addendum to a scientific theory but always a completion 11 50 53 Forrest P	P357 d Dembski has written that ID is a ground clearing operation to allow Christianity to receive serious consideration and Christ is never an addendum to a scientific theory but always a completion 11 50 53 Forrest P386
Match 66 (1): Reference (005913 .. 005925, of 34107):	Subject (001980 .. 001989, of 36359):
Professor Behe remarkably and unmistakably claims that the plausibility of the argument for	Professor Behe claims that the plausibility of the argument for
Match 67 (1): Reference (005927 .. 005964, of 34107):	Subject (001992 .. 002026, of 36359):
depends upon the extent to which one believes in the existence of God P 718 at 705 emphasis added As no evidence in the record indicates that any other scientific proposition s validity rests on belief in God	depends on the extent to which one believes in the existence of God P718 at 705 There is no evidence in the record that any other scientific proposition s validity rests on belief in God
Match 68 (1): Reference (005977 .. 005990, of 34107):	Subject (002034 .. 002047, of 36359):
s assertion constitutes substantial evidence that in his view as is commensurate with other	This assertion constitutes substantial evidence that in Professor Behe s view as with the
Match 69 (1): Reference (006021 .. 006041, of 34107):	Subject (002075 .. 002093, of 36359):
the Wedge Document The Wedge Document developed by the Discovery Institute s Center for Renewal of Science and Culture hereinafter CRSC	the Wedge Document which was developed by the Discovery Institute s Center for Renewal of Science and Culture CRSC
Match 70 (1): Reference (006041 .. 006052, of 34107):	Subject (002099 .. 002108, of 36359):
CRSC represents from an institutional standpoint the IDM s goals and objectives	CRSC represents from an institutional standpoint the goals and objectives
Match 71 (1): Reference (006053 .. 006072, of 34107):	Subject (002114 .. 002128, of 36359):
much as writings from the Institute for Creation Research did for the earlier creation science movement as discussed in McLean	much as the Institute for Creation Research did for the earlier creationists discussed in McLean
Match 72 (1): Reference (006083 .. 006095, of 34107):	Subject (002171 .. 002183, of 36359):
The Wedge Document states in its Five Year Strategic Plan Summary that the	The Wedge Document states in its Five Year Strategic Plan Summary that the
Match 73 (1): Reference (006097 .. 006116, of 34107):	Subject (002187 .. 002209, of 36359):
s goal is to replace science as currently practiced with theistic and Christian science P 140 at 6 As posited	s goal is to replace science as currently practiced with theistic and Christian science P140 at 6 Professor Behe s book Darwin s
Match 74 (1): Reference (006126 .. 006156, of 34107):	Subject (002253 .. 002283, of 36359):
are to defeat scientific materialism and its destructive moral cultural and political legacies and to replace materialistic explanations with the theistic understanding that nature and human beings are created by God	are to defeat scientific materialism and its destructive moral cultural and political legacies and to replace materialistic explanations with the theistic understanding that nature and human beings are created by God
Match 75 (1): Reference (006165 .. 006174, of 34107):	Subject (002311 .. 002324, of 36359):
the Wedge Document a program of Christian apologetics to promote	the Wedge Document the CSRC expressly announces a program of Christian apologetics to promote
Match 76 (1): Reference (006242 .. 006254, of 34107):	Subject (002338 .. 002350, of 36359):
s religious nature is evident because it involves a supernatural designer The courts	is religious because it involves a supernatural designer The Edwards and McLean courts
Match 77 (1): Reference (006242 .. 006280, of 34107):	Subject (002338 .. 002374, of 36359):
s religious nature is evident because it involves a supernatural designer The courts in Edwards and McLean expressly found that this characteristic removed creationism from the realm of science and made it a religious proposition Edwards 482 U S	is religious because it involves a supernatural designer The Edwards and McLean courts expressly found that this characteristic removed creationism from the realm of science and made it a religious proposition Edwards v Aguillard 482 U S
Match 78 (1): Reference (006293 .. 006302, of 34107):	Subject (002391 .. 002399, of 36359):
proponents have made abundantly clear that the designer is supernatural	proponents have made clear that the designer is supernatural
Match 79 (1): Reference (006329 .. 006364, of 34107):	Subject (002575 .. 002607, of 36359):
he means not designed by the laws of nature and that it is implausible that the designer is a natural entity P 647 at 193 P 718 at 696 700 Second Professor Minnich testified that for	he means not designed by the laws of nature and that it is implausible that the designer is a natural entity P647 at 193 P718 at 696 700 Professor Minnich testified that for
Match 80 (1): Reference (006366 .. 006381, of 34107):	Subject (002610 .. 002625, of 36359):
to be considered science the ground rules of science have to be broadened so that supernatural	to be considered science the ground rules of science have to be broadened so that supernatural
Match 81 (1): Reference (006399 .. 006416, of 34107):	Subject (002641 .. 002657, of 36359):
s project to change the ground rules of science to include the supernatural Trial Tr vol 28 Fuller	s project to change the ground rules of science to include the supernatural 28 20 24 Fuller
Match 82 (1): Reference (006433 .. 006458, of 34107):	Subject (002409 .. 002436, of 36359):
has concluded that science must be redefined to include the supernatural if religious challenges to evolution are to get a hearing 11 8 15 Forrest P	s Wedge Strategy concluded that science must be redefined to include the supernatural if religious challenges to evolution are to get a hearing 11 8 15 Forrest P429
Match 83 (1): Reference (006462 .. 006478, of 34107):	Subject (002488 .. 002504, of 36359):
agrees that science is ruled by methodological naturalism and argues that this rule must be overturned if	agrees that science is ruled by methodological naturalism and argues that this rule must be overturned if
Match 84 (1): Reference (006524 .. 006533, of 34107):	Subject (002666 .. 002675, of 36359):
that there are two kinds of causes natural and intelligent	that there are two kinds of causes natural and intelligent
Match 85 (1): Reference (006536 .. 006547, of 34107):	Subject (002678 .. 002688, of 36359):
that intelligent causes are beyond nature P 11 at 6 Professor Haught	that intelligent causes are beyond nature P11 at 6 Professor Haught
Match 86 (1): Reference (006552 .. 006587, of 34107):	Subject (002689 .. 002721, of 36359):
the only theologian to testify in this case explained that in Western intellectual tradition non natural causes occupy a space reserved for ultimate religious explanations 9 13 14 Haught Robert Pennock Plaintiffs expert in the philosophy	the only theologian to testify in this case explained that in Western intellectual tradition non natural causes occupy a space reserved for ultimate religious explanations 9 13 14 Robert Pennock the scientific philosopher
Match 87 (1): Reference (006596 .. 006617, of 34107):	Subject (002727 .. 002748, of 36359):
that because its basic proposition is that the features of the natural world are produced by a transcendent immaterial non natural being	that because its basic proposition is that the features of the natural world are produced by a transcendent immaterial non natural being
Match 88 (1): Reference (006619 .. 006638, of 34107):	Subject (002751 .. 002770, of 36359):
is a religious proposition regardless of whether that religious proposition is given a recognized religious label 5 55 56 Pennock	is a religious proposition regardless of whether that religious proposition is given a recognized religious label 5 55 56 Pennock
Match 89 (1): Reference (006796 .. 006817, of 34107):	Subject (002882 .. 002901, of 36359):
FTE as noted whose articles of incorporation and filings with the Internal Revenue Service describe it as a religious Christian organization P	FTE s Articles of Incorporation and filings with the Internal Revenue Service describe it as a religious Christian organization P461
Match 90 (1): Reference (006832 .. 006843, of 34107):	Subject (003061 .. 003072, of 36359):
Pandas was written by Dean Kenyon and Percival Davis both acknowledged creationists	Pandas was written by Dean Kenyon and Percival Davis both acknowledged creationists
Match 91 (1): Reference (006912 .. 006928, of 34107):	Subject (003418 .. 003437, of 36359):
points emerge 1 the definition for creation science in early drafts is identical to the definition of	points emerge from this comparison 1 the definition for creation science in early drafts is identical to the definition of
Match 92 (1): Reference (006953 .. 006977, of 34107):	Subject (003455 .. 003481, of 36359):
and 3 the changes occurred shortly after the Supreme Court held that creation science is religious and cannot be taught in public school science classes	and 3 the changes occurred shortly after the Supreme Court held in Edwards that creation science is religious and cannot be taught in public school science classes
Match 93 (1): Reference (007034 .. 007068, of 34107):	Subject (003531 .. 003567, of 36359):
defined as various forms of life that began abruptly through an intelligent agency with their distinctive features intact fish with fins and scales birds with feathers beaks and wings etc the very same way in	defined in these drafts as various forms of life began abruptly through an intelligent agency with their distinctive features already intact fish with fins and scales birds with feathers beaks and wings etc the same way intelligent
Match 94 (1): Reference (007071 .. 007085, of 34107):	Subject (003569 .. 003584, of 36359):
is defined in the subsequent published versions P 560 at 210 P 1 at 2	is defined in the published versions P560 at 210 P1 at 2 13 P562 at 2
Match 95 (1): Reference (007103 .. 007117, of 34107):	Subject (003254 .. 003264, of 36359):
11 at 99 100 P 856 2 This definition was described by many witnesses for	P11 at 99 100 This was described by many witnesses for
Match 96 (1): Reference (007124 .. 007147, of 34107):	Subject (003270 .. 003294, of 36359):
Minnich and Fuller as special creation of kinds of animals an inherently religious and creationist concept 28 85 86 Fuller Minnich Dep at 34	Minnich and Steven Fuller as special creation of kinds of animals an inherently religious and creationist concept 28 85 86 Fuller Minnich Dep at 34
Match 97 (1): Reference (007176 .. 007194, of 34107):	Subject (003314 .. 003333, of 36359):
Professor Behe s assertion that this passage was merely a description of appearances in the fossil record is illogical	Professor Behe s assertion that this passage was merely a description of appearances in the fossil record is not logical
Match 98 (1): Reference (007206 .. 007219, of 34107):	Subject (003359 .. 003372, of 36359):
a conclusion about how life began based upon an interpretation of the fossil record	a conclusion about how life began based on an interpretation of the fossil record
Match 99 (1): Reference (007230 .. 007259, of 34107):	Subject (003663 .. 003684, of 36359):
The weight of the evidence clearly demonstrates as noted that the systemic change from creation to intelligent design occurred sometime in 1987 after the Supreme Court s important Edwards decision	The evidence demonstrates that the change from creation to intelligent design occurred sometime in 1987 after the Supreme Court s Edwards decision
Match 100 (1): Reference (007379 .. 007396, of 34107):	Subject (003934 .. 003952, of 36359):
Dr Forrest testified and sponsored exhibits showing six arguments common to creationists 10 140 48 Forrest P 856	Dr Forrest testified and sponsored exhibits showing six arguments common to creationists 10 140 48 Forrest P856 1 6
Match 101 (1): Reference (007495 .. 007516, of 34107):	Subject (003955 .. 003976, of 36359):
creationists made the same argument that the complexity of the bacterial flagellum supported creationism as Professors Behe and Minnich now make for	creationists made the same argument that the complexity of the bacterial flagellum supported creationism as Professors Behe and Minnich now make for
Match 102 (1): Reference (007528 .. 007553, of 34107):	Subject (003989 .. 004014, of 36359):
openly welcomes adherents to creationism into its Big Tent urging them to postpone biblical disputes like the age of the earth 11 3 15 Forrest P	openly welcomes adherents to creationism into its Big Tent urging them to postpone biblical disputes like the age of the earth 11 3 15 Forrest P429
Match 103 (1): Reference (007616 .. 007627, of 34107):	Subject (004073 .. 004087, of 36359):
is not creationism their testimony was primarily by way of bare assertion	is not creationism but their testimony on this subject was primarily by way of assertion
Match 104 (1): Reference (007632 .. 007650, of 34107):	Subject (004092 .. 004110, of 36359):
directly rebut the creationist history of Pandas or other evidence presented by Plaintiffs showing the commonality between creationism and	directly rebut the creationist history of Pandas or other evidence presented by plaintiffs showing the commonality between creationism and
Match 105 (1): Reference (007662 .. 007686, of 34107):	Subject (004125 .. 004149, of 36359):
was their assertion that the term creationism applies only to arguments based on the Book of Genesis a young earth and a catastrophic Noaich flood	was the assertion that the term creationism applies only to arguments based on the Book of Genesis a young earth and a catastrophic Noaich flood
Match 106 (1): Reference (007688 .. 007709, of 34107):	Subject (004153 .. 004174, of 36359):
substantial evidence established that this is only one form of creationism including the chart that was distributed to the Board Curriculum Committee	substantial evidence introduced that this is only one form of creationism including the chart that was distributed to the Board Curriculum Committee
Match 107 (1): Reference (007716 .. 007727, of 34107):	Subject (004175 .. 004187, of 36359):
149 at 2 10 129 32 Forrest P 555 at 22 24	P149 at 2 See also 10 129 32 Forrest P555 at 22 24
Match 108 (1): Reference (008549 .. 008572, of 34107):	Subject (024650 .. 024673, of 36359):
Standards require students to learn about Darwin s Theory of Evolution and eventually to take a standardized test of which evolution is a part	standards require students to learn about Darwin s Theory of Evolution and to eventually take a standardized test of which evolution is a part
Match 109 (1): Reference (008638 .. 008649, of 34107):	Subject (031615 .. 031627, of 36359):
Notably the unrefuted testimony of Plaintiffs scien ce education expert Dr Alters	o 293 Consequently the testimony of plaintiffs science education expert Dr Brian Alters
Match 110 (1): Reference (008825 .. 008864, of 34107):	Subject (024684 .. 024723, of 36359):
be tested as new evidence is discovered The Theory is not a fact Gaps in the Theory exist for which there is no evidence A theory is defined as a well tested explanation that unifies a broad range of observations	being tested as new evidence is discovered The Theory is not a fact Gaps in the Theory exist for which there is no evidence A theory is defined as a well tested explanation that unifies a broad range of observations
Match 111 (1): Reference (009139 .. 009165, of 34107):	Subject (024724 .. 024750, of 36359):
Intelligent Design is an explanation of the origin of life that differs from Darwin s view The reference book Of Pandas and People is available for students	Intelligent design is an explanation of the origin of life that differs from Darwin s view The reference book Of Pandas and People is available for students
Match 112 (1): Reference (009158 .. 009180, of 34107):	Subject (010882 .. 010904, of 36359):
Of Pandas and People is available for students who might be interested in gaining an understanding of what Intelligent Design actually involves P	Of Pandas and People is available for students who might be interested in gaining an understanding of what intelligent design actually involves P124
Match 113 (1): Reference (009400 .. 009437, of 34107):	Subject (024778 .. 024819, of 36359):
any theory students are encouraged to keep an open mind The school leaves the discussion of the Origins of Life to individual students and their families As a Standards driven district class instruction focuses upon preparing students to	any theory students are encouraged to keep an open mind The school leaves the discussion of the Origins of Life up to individual students and their families As a standards driven district class instruction focuses on the standards and preparing students to
Match 114 (1): Reference (010678 .. 010712, of 34107):	Subject (032968 .. 033001, of 36359):
sets up what will be perceived by students as a God friendly science the one that explicitly mentions an intelligent designer and that the other science evolution takes no position on religion 14 144 45	sets up what will be perceived by students as a God friendly science the one that mentions an intelligent designer and that other science evolution that takes no position on religion 14 144 45
Match 115 (1): Reference (010724 .. 010775, of 34107):	Subject (033104 .. 033153, of 36359):
tells students quite explicitly choose God on the side of intelligent design or choose atheism on the side of science 2 54 55 Miller Introducing such a religious conflict into the classroom is very dangerous because it forces students to choose between God and science not a choice that schools should be	tells students quite explicitly choose God on the side of intelligent design or choose atheism on the side of science 2 54 55 Introducing such a religious conflict into the classroom is very dangerous because it forces students to choose between God and science not a choice schools should be
Match 116 (1): Reference (011951 .. 011968, of 34107):	Subject (033260 .. 033277, of 36359):
Dr Alters rejected Dover s explanation that its curriculum change and the statement implementing it are not teaching	Dr Alters rejects Dover s explanation that its curriculum change and the statement implementing it are not teaching
Match 117 (1): Reference (012717 .. 012734, of 34107):	Subject (025218 .. 025233, of 36359):
February 2005 the Board unanimously voted to mail a specialized newsletter to the community Trial Tr vol 15	February 2005 the Board unanimously voted to mail a specialized newsletter P127 to the community 15
Match 118 (1): Reference (012768 .. 012777, of 34107):	Subject (025246 .. 025255, of 36359):
an aggressive advocacy piece denigrating the scientific theory of evolution	an aggressive advocacy piece denigrating the scientific theory of evolution
Match 119 (1): Reference (012787 .. 012831, of 34107):	Subject (025266 .. 025309, of 36359):
under the heading Frequently Asked Questions demeans Plaintiffs for protecting their Constitutional rights as it states A small minority of parents have objected to the recent curriculum change by arguing that the Board has acted to impose its own religious beliefs on students P 127	under Frequently Asked Questions the newsletter demeans the Plaintiffs for protecting their Constitutional rights A small minority of parents have objected to the recent curriculum change by arguing that the Board has acted to impose its own religious beliefs on students P127 at 1
Match 120 (1): Reference (012859 .. 012897, of 34107):	Subject (025370 .. 025406, of 36359):
suggests that scientists engage in trickery and doublespeak about the theory of evolution by stating The word evolution has several meanings and those supporting Darwin s theory of evolution use that confusion in definition to their advantage Id The	suggests that scientists engage in trickery and doublespeak about the theory of evolution The word evolution has several meanings and those supporting Darwin s theory of evolution use that confusion in definition to their advantage Id e
Match 121 (1): Reference (012905 .. 012948, of 34107):	Subject (025415 .. 025460, of 36359):
is a scientific theory on par with evolution and other scientific theories by explaining The theory of intelligent design ID is a scientific theory that differs from Darwin s view and is endorsed by a growing number of credible scientists Id at 2 Evolution	is a scientific theory on a par with evolution and other scientific theories The theory of intelligent design ID is a scientific theory that differs from Darwin s view and is endorsed by a growing number of credible scientists Id at 2 f It denigrates evolution
Match 122 (1): Reference (012972 .. 013023, of 34107):	Subject (025479 .. 025530, of 36359):
In simple terms on a molecular level scientists have discovered a purposeful arrangement of parts which cannot be explained by Darwin s theory In fact since the 1950s advances in molecular biology and chemistry have shown us that living cells the fundamental units of life processes cannot be explained by chance Id	In simple terms on a molecular level scientists have discovered a purposeful arrangement of parts which cannot be explained by Darwin s theory In fact since the 1950s advances in molecular biology and chemistry have shown us that living cells the fundamental units of life processes cannot be explained by chance Id
Match 123 (1): Reference (013026 .. 013051, of 34107):	Subject (025533 .. 025555, of 36359):
suggests that evolution has atheistic implications by indicating that Some have said that before Darwin we thought a benevolent God had created us Biology took away	suggests that evolution has atheistic implications Some have said that before Darwin we thought a benevolent God had created us Biology took away
Match 124 (1): Reference (013053 .. 013072, of 34107):	Subject (025557 .. 025576, of 36359):
status as made in the image of God or Darwinism made it possible to be an intellectually fulfilled atheist Id	status as made in the image of God or Darwinism made it possible to be an intellectually fulfilled atheist Id
Match 125 (1): Reference (013087 .. 013122, of 34107):	Subject (025626 .. 025661, of 36359):
Anthony Flew described as a world famous atheist who now believes in intelligent design as follows My whole life has been guided by the principle of Plato s Socrates Follow the evidence where it leads Id	Anthony Flew described as a world famous atheist who now believes in intelligent design as follows My whole life has been guided by the principle of Plato s Socrates Follow the evidence where it leads Id
Match 126 (1): Reference (013899 .. 013910, of 34107):	Subject (026444 .. 026455, of 36359):
Policy The Board s actions from June 2004 through October 18 2004	o 263 The Board s actions from June through October 18 2004
Match 127 (1): Reference (013907 .. 013917, of 34107):	Subject (022346 .. 022366, of 36359):
through October 18 2004 the date the Board approved the curriculum	o 224 On October 18 2004 the Board passed by a 6 3 vote a resolution that amended the biology curriculum
Match 128 (1): Reference (013919 .. 013938, of 34107):	Subject (026456 .. 026475, of 36359):
were consistently reported in news articles in the two local newspapers the York Daily Record and the York Dispatch P	were consistently reported in news articles in the two local papers the York Daily Record and the York Dispatch P44
Match 129 (1): Reference (013983 .. 014022, of 34107):	Subject (026510 .. 026550, of 36359):
they did not attend the 2004 Board meetings that preceded the curriculum change and became aware of the Board s actions only after reading about them in the local newspapers Tammy Kitzmiller Beth Eveland Cindy Sneath Steven Stough and Joel	the plaintiffs did not attend the 2004 board meetings that preceded the curriculum change and became aware of the Board s actions only after reading about them in the local papers Tammy Kitzmiller Beth Eveland Cindy Sneath Steven Stough and Joel
Match 130 (1): Reference (014024 .. 014042, of 34107):	Subject (026552 .. 026571, of 36359):
all first learned of the Board s actions regarding the biology curriculum and textbook from the news articles 11	all first learned of the Board s actions regarding the biology curriculum and textbook from the news articles 3 114
Match 131 (1): Reference (014083 .. 014105, of 34107):	Subject (026633 .. 026655, of 36359):
The news reports in the York newspapers were followed by numerous letters to the editor and editorials published in the same papers P	The news reports in the York newspapers were followed by numerous letters to the editor and editorials published in the same papers Plaintiffs
Match 132 (1): Reference (014516 .. 014531, of 34107):	Subject (026753 .. 026768, of 36359):
assertion The York Daily Record published 139 letters to the editor regarding the Board s actions	a The York Daily Record published 139 letters to the editor regarding the Board s actions
Match 133 (1): Reference (014533 .. 014560, of 34107):	Subject (026770 .. 026798, of 36359):
eighty six of those letters addressed the issues in religious terms 16 18 20 Stough The York Daily Record published forty three editorials regarding the Board s actions	Eighty six of those letters addressed the issues in religious terms 16 18 20 Stough b The York Daily Record published forty three editorials regarding the Board s actions
Match 134 (1): Reference (014566 .. 014576, of 34107):	Subject (026804 .. 026812, of 36359):
editorials addressed the issues in religious terms P 674 16 22	editorials addressed the issues in religious terms 16 22
Match 135 (1): Reference (014578 .. 014595, of 34107):	Subject (026814 .. 026833, of 36359):
Stough The York Dispatch published eighty six letters to the editor regarding the Board s actions sixty of	Stough c The York Dispatch published eighty six letters to the editor regarding the Board s actions P672 Sixty of
Match 136 (1): Reference (014597 .. 014618, of 34107):	Subject (026836 .. 026859, of 36359):
addressed the issue in religious terms 16 24 Stough The York Dispatch published nineteen editorials regarding the Board s actions seventeen of	addressed the issues in religious terms 16 24 Stough d The York Dispatch published nineteen editorials regarding the Board s actions P675 Seventeen of
Match 137 (1): Reference (014788 .. 014836, of 34107):	Subject (026706 .. 026752, of 36359):
that members of the Dover community perceived the Board as having acted to promote religion with many citizens lined up as either for the curriculum change on religious grounds or against the curriculum change on the ground that religion should not play a role in public school science class	that the Dover community perceives the Board as having acted to promote religion with many citizens lined up as either for the curriculum change on religious grounds or against the curriculum change on the grounds that religion should not play a role in public school science class
Match 138 (1): Reference (014857 .. 014870, of 34107):	Subject (023252 .. 023266, of 36359):
the curriculum change because they demonstrate that r egardless of the listener s support	the teachers 35 126 Baksa o 230 Baksa testified that the teachers did not support
Match 139 (1): Reference (015339 .. 015351, of 34107):	Subject (012645 .. 012657, of 36359):
arguments may be true a proposition on which the Court takes no position	arguments may be true a proposition on which the Court takes no position
Match 140 (1): Reference (015399 .. 015422, of 34107):	Subject (004533 .. 004552, of 36359):
argument of irreducible complexity central to ID employs the same flawed and illogical contrived dualism that doomed creation science in the 1980 s and	argument irreducible complexity employs the same flawed and illogical contrived dualism that doomed creation science in the 1980 s and
Match 141 (1): Reference (015425 .. 015436, of 34107):	Subject (004556 .. 004567, of 36359):
s negative attacks on evolution have been refuted by the scientific community	s negative attacks on evolution have been refuted by the scientific community
Match 142 (1): Reference (015453 .. 015478, of 34107):	Subject (004571 .. 004591, of 36359):
has failed to gain acceptance in the scientific community it has not generated peer reviewed publications nor has it been the subject of testing and research	has failed to gain acceptance in the scientific community generate peer reviewed publications or been the subject of testing and research
Match 143 (1): Reference (015483 .. 015541, of 34107):	Subject (004658 .. 004716, of 36359):
since the scientific revolution of the 16 th and 17 th centuries science has been limited to the search for natural causes to explain natural phenomena 9 19 22 Haught 5 25 29 Pennock 1 62 Miller This revolution entailed the rejection of the appeal to authority and by extension revelation in favor of empirical evidence 5 28 Pennock	Since the scientific revolution of the 16 th and 17 th centuries science has been limited to the search for natural causes to explain natural phenomena 9 19 22 Haught 5 25 29 Pennock 1 62 Miller This revolution entailed the rejection of the appeal to authority and by extension revelation in favor of empirical evidence 5 28 Pennock
Match 144 (1): Reference (015542 .. 015578, of 34107):	Subject (004745 .. 004780, of 36359):
Since that time period science has been a discipline in which testability rather than any ecclesiastical authority or philosophical coherence has been the measure of a scientific idea s worth 9 21 22 Haught 1 63 Miller	since that time science has been a discipline in which testability rather than any ecclesiastical authority or philosophical coherence has been the measure of a scientific idea s worth 9 21 22 Haught 1 63 Miller
Match 145 (1): Reference (015582 .. 015613, of 34107):	Subject (004788 .. 004819, of 36359):
theological or ultimate explanations for the existence or characteristics of the natural world science does not consider issues of meaning and purpose in the world 9 21 Haught 1 64 87 Miller	theological or ultimate explanations for the existence or characteristics of the natural world 9 21 Haught Science does not consider issues of meaning and purpose in the world 1 64 87 Miller
Match 146 (1): Reference (015615 .. 015660, of 34107):	Subject (004822 .. 004870, of 36359):
supernatural explanations may be important and have merit they are not part of science 3 103 Miller 9 19 20 Haught This self imposed convention of science which limits inquiry to testable natural explanations about the natural world is referred to by philosophers as methodological naturalism	Supernatural explanations are important and may have merit but they are not part of science 3 103 Miller 9 19 20 Haught o 38 This self imposed convention of science which limits inquiry to testable natural explanations about the natural world is referred to by philosophers as methodological naturalism
Match 147 (1): Reference (015665 .. 015675, of 34107):	Subject (004868 .. 004879, of 36359):
as the scientific method 5 23 29 30 Pennock Methodological naturalism	as methodological naturalism 5 23 29 30 Pennock o 39 Methodological naturalism
Match 148 (1): Reference (015678 .. 015695, of 34107):	Subject (004902 .. 004917, of 36359):
ground rule of science today which requires scientists to seek explanations in the world around us based upon	ground rule of science requires scientists to seek explanations in the world around us based upon
Match 149 (1): Reference (015697 .. 015715, of 34107):	Subject (004919 .. 004936, of 36359):
we can observe test replicate and verify 1 59 64 2 41 43 Miller 5 8 23 30 Pennock	we can observe test replicate and verify 1 59 64 2 41 43 Miller 5 23 30 Pennock
Match 150 (1): Reference (015718 .. 015729, of 34107):	Subject (004954 .. 004964, of 36359):
National Academy of Sciences hereinafter NAS was recognized by experts for both	National Academy of Sciences NAS was recognized by experts for both
Match 151 (1): Reference (015760 .. 015842, of 34107):	Subject (005008 .. 005088, of 36359):
NAS is in agreement that science is limited to empirical observable and ultimately testable data Science is a particular way of knowing about the world In science explanations are restricted to those that can be inferred from the confirmable data the results obtained through observations and experiments that can be substantiated by other scientists Anything that can be observed or measured is amenable to scientific investigation Explanations that cannot be based upon empirical evidence are not part of science P 649 at 27	NAS agrees that science is limited to empirical observable and ultimately testable data Science is a particular way of knowing about the world In science explanations are restricted to those that can be inferred from the confirmable data the results obtained through observations and experiments that can be substantiated by other scientists Anything that can be observed or measured is amenable to scientific investigation Explanations that cannot be based on empirical evidence are not a part of science P649 at 27
Match 152 (1): Reference (015843 .. 015852, of 34107):	Subject (005122 .. 005131, of 36359):
This rigorous attachment to natural explanations is an essential attribute	This rigorous attachment to natural explanations is an essential attribute
Match 153 (1): Reference (015878 .. 015904, of 34107):	Subject (005276 .. 005302, of 36359):
from a practical perspective attributing unsolved problems about nature to causes and forces that lie outside the natural world is a science stopper 3 14 15 Miller	From a practical perspective attributing unsolved problems about nature to causes and forces that lie outside the natural world is a science stopper 3 14 15 Miller
Match 154 (1): Reference (015878 .. 015939, of 34107):	Subject (005276 .. 005332, of 36359):
from a practical perspective attributing unsolved problems about nature to causes and forces that lie outside the natural world is a science stopper 3 14 15 Miller As Dr Miller explained once you attribute a cause to an untestable supernatural force a proposition that cannot be disproven there is no reason to continue seeking natural explanations as we have our answer Id	From a practical perspective attributing unsolved problems about nature to causes and forces that lie outside the natural world is a science stopper 3 14 15 Miller Once you attribute a cause to an untestable supernatural force a proposition that cannot be disproven there is no reason to continue seeking natural explanations we have our answer Id
Match 155 (1): Reference (015967 .. 015988, of 34107):	Subject (005354 .. 005375, of 36359):
takes a natural phenomenon and instead of accepting or seeking a natural explanation argues that the explanation is supernatural 5 107 Pennock	takes a natural phenomenon and instead of accepting or seeking a natural explanation argues that the explanation is supernatural 5 107 Pennock
Match 156 (1): Reference (016024 .. 016091, of 34107):	Subject (005407 .. 005473, of 36359):
Darwinists object to the view of intelligent design because it does not give a natural cause explanation of how the various forms of life started in the first place Intelligent design means that various forms of life began abruptly through an intelligent agency with their distinctive features already intact fish with fins and scales birds with feathers beaks and wings etc P 11 at 99 100 emphasis added	Darwinists object to the view of intelligent design because it does not give a natural cause explanation of how the various forms of life started in the first place Intelligent design means that various forms of life began abruptly through an intelligent agency with their distinctive feature already intact fish with fins and scales birds with feathers beaks and wings etc P11 at 99 100 Emphasis added
Match 157 (1): Reference (016098 .. 016128, of 34107):	Subject (005477 .. 005513, of 36359):
animals did not evolve naturally through evolutionary means but were created abruptly by a non natural or supernatural designer Defendants own expert witnesses acknowledged this point 21 96 100 Behe P	animals did not evolve naturally through evolutionary means but rather were created abruptly by a non natural or supernatural designer o 45 Even defendants own expert witnesses acknowledged this point 21 96 100 Behe see also P718
Match 158 (1): Reference (016130 .. 016169, of 34107):	Subject (005519 .. 005557, of 36359):
at 696 700 implausible that the designer is a natural entity 28 21 22 Fuller ID s rejection of naturalism and commitment to supernaturalism 38 95 96 Minnich ID does not exclude the possibility of a supernatural designer including deities	at 696 700 implausible that the designer is a natural entity 28 21 22 Fuller ID s rejection of naturalism and commitment to supernaturalism 24 38 95 96 Minnich ID does not exclude possibility of supernatural designer including deities
Match 159 (1): Reference (016180 .. 016193, of 34107):	Subject (002636 .. 002650, of 36359):
that of the IDM itself is to change the ground rules of science to	that it is intelligent design s project to change the ground rules of science to
Match 160 (1): Reference (016185 .. 016200, of 34107):	Subject (005571 .. 005586, of 36359):
is to change the ground rules of science to allow supernatural causation of the natural world	is to change the ground rules of science to allow supernatural causation of the natural world
Match 161 (1): Reference (016252 .. 016262, of 34107):	Subject (005606 .. 005616, of 36359):
Professor Behe admitted that his broadened definition of science which encompasses	Professor Behe admitted that his broadened definition of science which encompasses
Match 162 (1): Reference (016264 .. 016282, of 34107):	Subject (005619 .. 005631, of 36359):
would also embrace astrology 28 26 Fuller 21 37 42 Behe Moreover defense expert Professor Minnich acknowledged that for	would also embrace astrology 21 37 42 Behe Professor Minnich acknowledged that for
Match 163 (1): Reference (016284 .. 016296, of 34107):	Subject (002610 .. 002622, of 36359):
to be considered science the ground rules of science have to be broadened	to be considered science the ground rules of science have to be broadened
Match 164 (1): Reference (016284 .. 016302, of 34107):	Subject (005634 .. 005655, of 36359):
to be considered science the ground rules of science have to be broadened to allow consideration of supernatural forces	to be considered science the ground rules of science have to be broadened to allow consideration of supernatural causes 38 97 o
Match 165 (1): Reference (016342 .. 016359, of 34107):	Subject (005663 .. 005680, of 36359):
leader proclaims that science is ruled by methodological naturalism and argues that this rule must be overturned if	leader proclaims that science is ruled by methodological naturalism and argues that this rule must be overturned if
Match 166 (1): Reference (016372 .. 016396, of 34107):	Subject (002534 .. 002557, of 36359):
Indeed entire fields of inquiry including especially in the human sciences will need to be rethought from the ground up in terms of intelligent design	Indeed entire fields of inquiry including especially the human sciences will need to be rethought from the ground up in terms of intelligent design
Match 167 (1): Reference (016415 .. 016446, of 34107):	Subject (002254 .. 002285, of 36359):
to defeat scientific materialism and its destructive moral cultural and political legacies and replace materialistic explanations with the theistic understanding that nature and human beings are created by God P 140 at	to defeat scientific materialism and its destructive moral cultural and political legacies and to replace materialistic explanations with the theistic understanding that nature and human beings are created by God P140 at
Match 168 (1): Reference (016455 .. 016466, of 34107):	Subject (002172 .. 002183, of 36359):
Wedge Document states in its Five Year Strategic Plan Summary that the	Wedge Document states in its Five Year Strategic Plan Summary that the
Match 169 (1): Reference (016468 .. 016481, of 34107):	Subject (002187 .. 002200, of 36359):
s goal is to replace science as currently practiced with theistic and Christian science	s goal is to replace science as currently practiced with theistic and Christian science
Match 170 (1): Reference (016504 .. 016514, of 34107):	Subject (005799 .. 005810, of 36359):
Notably every major scientific association that has taken a position on	o 49 Every major scientific association that has taken a position on
Match 171 (1): Reference (016534 .. 016544, of 34107):	Subject (005825 .. 005835, of 36359):
1 98 99 Miller 14 75 78 Alters 37 25 Minnich	1 98 99 Miller 14 75 78 Alters 37 25 Minnich
Match 172 (1): Reference (016560 .. 016672, of 34107):	Subject (005844 .. 005955, of 36359):
as follows Creationism intelligent design and other claims of supernatural intervention in the origin of life or of species are not science because they are not testable by the methods of science These claims subordinate observed data to statements based on authority revelation or religious belief Documentation offered in support of these claims is typically limited to the special publications of their advocates These publications do not offer hypotheses subject to change in light of new data new interpretations or demonstration of error This contrasts with science where any hypothesis or theory always remains subject to the possibility of rejection or modification in the light of new knowledge P 192 at 25 Additionally	as follows Creationism intelligent design and other claims of supernatural intervention in the origin of life or of species are not science because they are not testable by the methods of science These claims subordinate observed data to statements based on authority revelation or religious belief Documentation offered in support of these claims is typically limited to the special publications of their advocates These publications do not offer hypotheses subject to change in light of new data new interpretations or demonstration of error This contrasts with science where any hypothesis or theory always remains subject to the possibility of rejection or modification in the light of new knowledge P192 at 25 National
Match 173 (1): Reference (016672 .. 016683, of 34107):	Subject (023845 .. 023857, of 36359):
Additionally the American Association for the Advancement of Science hereinafter AAAS the	National Academy of Sciences the American Association for the Advancement of Science the
Match 174 (1): Reference (016698 .. 016734, of 34107):	Subject (005999 .. 006035, of 36359):
namely that it has not proposed a scientific means of testing its claims and that the lack of scientific warrant for so called intelligent design theory makes it improper to include as part of science education P	namely that it has not proposed a scientific means of testing its claims and that the lack of scientific warrant for so called intelligent design theory makes it improper to include as part of science education P198
Match 175 (1): Reference (016770 .. 016781, of 34107):	Subject (006078 .. 006089, of 36359):
is not a theory as that term is defined by the NAS	is not a theory as that term is defined by the NAS
Match 176 (1): Reference (016834 .. 016874, of 34107):	Subject (006176 .. 006219, of 36359):
meet the essential ground rules that limit science to testable natural explanations 3 101 03 Miller 14 62 Alters Science cannot be defined differently for Dover students than it is defined in the scientific community as an affirmative action program as	meet the essential ground rules that limit science to testable natural explanations 3 101 03 Miller 14 62 Alters o 56 Science cannot be defined differently for Dover students than it is defined in the scientific community as an affirmative action program for a
Match 177 (1): Reference (016879 .. 016893, of 34107):	Subject (006218 .. 006232, of 36359):
for a view that has been unable to gain a foothold within the scientific establishment	for a view that has been unable to gain a foothold within the scientific establishment
Match 178 (1): Reference (016896 .. 016906, of 34107):	Subject (006235 .. 006244, of 36359):
s fa ilure to meet the ground rules of science is	s failure to meet the ground rules of science is
Match 179 (1): Reference (016944 .. 016960, of 34107):	Subject (006277 .. 006291, of 36359):
is at bottom premised upon a false dichotomy namely that to the extent evolutionary theory is discredited	is premised on a false dichotomy namely that to the extent evolutionary theory is discredited
Match 180 (1): Reference (016987 .. 016998, of 34107):	Subject (006312 .. 006323, of 36359):
was employed by creationists in the 1980 s to support creation science	was employed by creationists in the 1980 s to support creation science
Match 181 (1): Reference (017071 .. 017081, of 34107):	Subject (006334 .. 006344, of 36359):
today than it was to justify creation science two decades ago	today than it was to justify creation science two decades ago
Match 182 (1): Reference (017083 .. 017094, of 34107):	Subject (006349 .. 006364, of 36359):
proponents primarily argue for design through negative arguments against evolution as illustrated	proponents primarily argue for design through negative argument against evolution including Professor Behe s argument that
Match 183 (1): Reference (017096 .. 017130, of 34107):	Subject (006360 .. 006394, of 36359):
Professor Behe s argument that irreducibly complex systems cannot be produced through Darwinian or any natural mechanisms 5 38 41 Pennock 1 39 2 15 2 35 37 3 96 Miller 16 72 73 Padian	Professor Behe s argument that irreducibly complex systems cannot be produced through Darwinian or any natural mechanisms 5 38 41 Pennock 1 39 2 15 2 35 37 3 96 Miller 16 72 73 Padian
Match 184 (1): Reference (017150 .. 017179, of 34107):	Subject (006662 .. 006693, of 36359):
just because scientists cannot explain today how biological systems evolved does not mean that they cannot and will not be able to explain them tomorrow 2 36 37 Miller As	Just because scientists cannot explain today how biological systems evolved does not mean they cannot and will not be able to explain them tomorrow 2 36 37 Miller In Dr Padian s
Match 185 (1): Reference (017184 .. 017193, of 34107):	Subject (006695 .. 006704, of 36359):
absence of evidence is not evidence of absence 17 45	absence of evidence is not evidence of absence 17 45
Match 186 (1): Reference (017207 .. 017234, of 34107):	Subject (006714 .. 006741, of 36359):
examples where Pandas asserted that no natural explanations exist and in some cases that none could exist and yet natural explanations have been identified in the intervening years	examples where Pandas asserted that no natural explanations exist and in some cases that none could exist and yet natural explanations have been identified in the intervening years
Match 187 (1): Reference (017244 .. 017260, of 34107):	Subject (006773 .. 006789, of 36359):
just because scientists cannot explain every evolutionary detail does not undermine its validity as a scientific theory	Just because scientists cannot explain every evolutionary detail does not undermine its validity as a scientific theory
Match 188 (1): Reference (017276 .. 017305, of 34107):	Subject (006969 .. 007000, of 36359):
of irreducible complexity is ID s alleged scientific centerpiece Irreducible complexity is a negative argument against evolution not proof of design a point conceded by defense expert Professor Minnich 2	o 64 Irreducible complexity intelligent design s alleged scientific centerpiece is simply a negative argument against evolution not proof of design 2 15 Miller a point conceded by Professor Minnich 38 82
Match 189 (1): Reference (017310 .. 017325, of 34107):	Subject (006998 .. 007015, of 36359):
Minnich irreducible complexity is not a test of intelligent design it s a test of evoluti	Minnich 38 82 irreducible complexity is not a test of intelligent design it s a test of evolution
Match 190 (1): Reference (017349 .. 017492, of 34107):	Subject (007043 .. 007181, of 36359):
irreducible complexity as defined by Professor Behe in his book Darwin s Black Box and subsequently modified in his 2001 article entitled Reply to My Critics appears as follows By irreducibly complex I mean a single system which is composed of several well matched interacting parts that contribute to the basic function wherein the removal of any one of the parts causes the system to effectively cease functioning An irreducibly complex system cannot be produced directly by slight successive modifications of a precursor system because any precursor to an irreducibly complex system that is missing a part is by definition nonfunctional Since natural selection can only choose systems that are already working then if a biological system cannot be produced gradually it would have to arise as an integrated unit in one fell swoop for natural selection to have anything to act on P	Irreducible complexity was defined by Professor Behe in Darwin s Black Box and modified in his 2001 article Reply to My Critics as follows By irreducibly complex I mean a single system which is composed of several well matched interacting parts that contribute to the basic function wherein the removal of any one of the parts causes the system to effectively cease functioning An irreducibly complex system cannot be produced directly by slight successive modifications of a precursor system because any precursor to an irreducibly complex system that is missing a part is by definition nonfunctional Since natural selection can only choose systems that are already working then if a biological system cannot be produced gradually it would have to arise as an integrated unit in one fell swoop for natural selection to have anything to act on P647
Match 191 (1): Reference (017494 .. 017543, of 34107):	Subject (007188 .. 007240, of 36359):
at 39 P 718 at 694 Professor Behe admitted in Reply to My Critics that there was a defect in his view of irreducible complexity because while it purports to be a challenge to natural selection it does not actually address the task facing natural selection P 718 at 695	at 39 Free Press 1996 P718 at 694 o 66 Professor Behe admitted in Reply to My Critics that there was a defect in his view of irreducible complexity because while it purports to be a challenge to natural selection it does not actually address the task facing natural selection P718 at 695
Match 192 (1): Reference (017494 .. 017600, of 34107):	Subject (007188 .. 007296, of 36359):
at 39 P 718 at 694 Professor Behe admitted in Reply to My Critics that there was a defect in his view of irreducible complexity because while it purports to be a challenge to natural selection it does not actually address the task facing natural selection P 718 at 695 Professor Behe specifically explained that t he current definition puts the focus on removing a part from an already functioning system but t he difficult task facing Darwinian evolution however would not be to remove parts from sophisticated pre existing systems it would be to bring together components to make a new system in the first place	at 39 Free Press 1996 P718 at 694 o 66 Professor Behe admitted in Reply to My Critics that there was a defect in his view of irreducible complexity because while it purports to be a challenge to natural selection it does not actually address the task facing natural selection P718 at 695 Specifically Behe explained that t he current definition puts the focus on removing a part from an already functioning system but t he difficult task facing Darwinian evolution however would not be to remove parts from sophisticated pre existing systems it would be to bring together components to make a new system in the first place
Match 193 (1): Reference (017602 .. 017617, of 34107):	Subject (007300 .. 007315, of 36359):
In that article Professor Behe wrote that he hoped to repair this defect in future work	In that article Professor Behe wrote that he hoped to repair this defect in future work
Match 194 (1): Reference (017642 .. 017660, of 34107):	Subject (007326 .. 007344, of 36359):
s admitted failure to properly address the very phenomenon that irreducible complexity purports to place at issue natural selection	This admitted failure to properly address the very phenomenon that irreducible complexity purports to place at issue natural selection
Match 195 (1): Reference (017666 .. 017687, of 34107):	Subject (007361 .. 007380, of 36359):
that Professor Behe s concept of irreducible complexity depends on ignoring ways in which evolution is known to occur Although Professor Behe	that Professor Behe s concept of irreducible complexity depends on ignoring ways in which evolution is known to occur Behe
Match 196 (1): Reference (017689 .. 017714, of 34107):	Subject (007382 .. 007407, of 36359):
adamant in his definition of irreducible complexity when he says a precursor missing a part is by definition nonfunctional what he obviously means is that it	adamant that in his definition of irreducible complexity when he says a precursor missing a part is by definition nonfunctional what he means is that it
Match 197 (1): Reference (017716 .. 017730, of 34107):	Subject (007409 .. 007422, of 36359):
not function in the same way the system functions when all the parts are present	t function in the way the system functions when all the parts are present
Match 198 (1): Reference (017775 .. 017787, of 34107):	Subject (007448 .. 007467, of 36359):
in some other way for example as a secretory system 19 88 95	in some other way for example in the case of the bacterial flagellum as a secretory system 19 88 95
Match 199 (1): Reference (017794 .. 017812, of 34107):	Subject (007471 .. 007489, of 36359):
qualification on what is meant by irreducible complexity renders it meaningless as a criticism of evolution 3 40 Miller	qualification on what is meant by irreducible complexity renders it meaningless as a criticism of evolution 3 40 Miller
Match 200 (1): Reference (017813 .. 017900, of 34107):	Subject (007605 .. 007692, of 36359):
In fact the theory of evolution proffers exaptation as a well recognized well documented explanation for how systems with multiple parts could have evolved through natural means Exaptation means that some precursor of the subject system had a different selectable function before experiencing the change or addition that resulted in the subject system with its present function 16 146 48 Padian For instance Dr Padian identified the evolution of the mammalian middle ear bones from what had been jawbones as an example of this process 17 6 17	In fact the theory of evolution has a well recognized well documented explanation for how systems with multiple parts could have evolved through natural means namely exaptation Exaptation means that some precursor of the subject system had a different selectable function before experiencing the change or addition that resulted in the subject system with its present function 16 146 48 Padian For instance Dr Padian identified the evolution of the mammalian middle ear bones from what had been jawbones as an example of this process 17 6 17
Match 201 (1): Reference (017902 .. 017923, of 34107):	Subject (007785 .. 007805, of 36359):
By defining irreducible complexity in the way that he has Professor Behe attempts to exclude the phenomenon of exaptation by definitional fiat	By defining irreducible complexity in the way he has Professor Behe attempts to exclude the phenomenon of exaptation by definitional fiat
Match 202 (1): Reference (017938 .. 017948, of 34107):	Subject (007831 .. 007840, of 36359):
has rejected Professor Behe s claim for irreducible complexity by using	has rejected Professor Behe s claim for irreducible complexity using
Match 203 (1): Reference (017952 .. 018024, of 34107):	Subject (007843 .. 007915, of 36359):
reasoning S tructures and processes that are claimed to be irreducibly complex typically are not on closer inspection For example it is incorrect to assume that a complex structure or biochemical process can function only if all its components are present and functioning as we see them today Complex biochemical systems can be built up from simpler systems through natural selection Thus the history of a protein can be traced through simpler organisms	reasoning S tructures and processes that are claimed to be irreducibly complex typically are not on closer inspection For example it is incorrect to assume that a complex structure or biochemical process can function only if all its components are present and functioning as we see them today Complex biochemical systems can be built up from simpler systems through natural selection Thus the history of a protein can be traced through simpler organisms
Match 204 (1): Reference (018025 .. 018102, of 34107):	Subject (007935 .. 008011, of 36359):
The evolution of complex molecular systems can occur in several ways Natural selection can bring together parts of a system for one function at one time and then at a later time recombine those parts with other systems of components to produce a system that has a different function Genes can be duplicated altered and then amplified through natural selection The complex biochemical cascade resulting in blood clotting has been explained in this fashion P 192 at 22	The evolution of complex molecular systems can occur in several ways Natural selection can bring together parts of a system for one function at one time and then at a later time recombine those parts with other systems of components to produce a system that has a different function Genes can be duplicated altered and then amplified through natural selection The complex biochemical cascade resulting in blood clotting has been explained in this fashion P192 at 22
Match 205 (1): Reference (018105 .. 018144, of 34107):	Subject (008077 .. 008115, of 36359):
complexity is only a negative argument against evolution it is refutable and accordingly testable unlike ID by showing that there are intermediate structures with selectable functions that could have evolved into the allegedly irreducibly complex systems 2 15 16 Miller	it is only a negative argument against evolution irreducible complexity unlike intelligent design is testable by showing that there are intermediate structures with selectable functions that could have evolved into the allegedly irreducibly complex systems 2 15 16 Miller
Match 206 (1): Reference (018151 .. 018164, of 34107):	Subject (008120 .. 008129, of 36359):
negative argument of irreducible complexity is testable does not make testable the argument for	negative argument is testable does not make the argument for
Match 207 (1): Reference (018171 .. 018200, of 34107):	Subject (008012 .. 008036, of 36359):
Pennock Professor Behe has applied the concept of irreducible complexity to only a few select systems 1 the bacterial flagellum 2 the blood clotting cascade and 3 the immune system	o 71 Professor Behe has applied irreducible complexity only to a few select systems the bacterial flagellum the blood clotting cascade and the immune system
Match 208 (1): Reference (018220 .. 018231, of 34107):	Subject (008140 .. 008152, of 36359):
however Dr Miller presented evidence based upon peer reviewed studies that they	o 73 Dr Miller presented evidence based on peer reviewed studies that the
Match 209 (1): Reference (018245 .. 018275, of 34107):	Subject (008173 .. 008204, of 36359):
Dr Miller pointed to peer reviewed studies that identified a possible precursor to the bacterial flagellum a subsystem that was fully functional namely the Type III Secretory System 2 8 20	Dr Miller pointed to peer reviewed studies that identified a possible pre cursor to the bacterial flagellum a subsystem that was fully functional namely the Type III Secretory System 2 8 20
Match 210 (1): Reference (018285 .. 018326, of 34107):	Subject (008212 .. 008252, of 36359):
Professor Minnich admited that there is serious scientific research on the question of whether the bacterial flagellum evolved into the Type III Secretary System the Type III Secretory System into the bacterial flagellum or whether they both evolved from a common ancestor	Professor Minnich admits that there is serious scientific research on the question of whether the bacterial flagellum evolved into the Type III Secretory System the Type III Secretory System into the bacterial flagellum or they both evolved from a common ancestor
Match 211 (1): Reference (018347 .. 018381, of 34107):	Subject (008268 .. 008300, of 36359):
testified about his research as follows we re looking at the function of these systems and how they could have been derived one from the other And it s a legitimate scientific inquiry 38 16	testified about this research we re looking at the function of these systems and how they could have been derived one from the other And it s a legitimate scientific inquiry 38 16
Match 212 (1): Reference (018391 .. 018410, of 34107):	Subject (008374 .. 008393, of 36359):
Dr Miller demonstrated that the alleged irreducible complexity of the blood clotting cascade has been disproven by peer reviewed studies	Dr Miller demonstrated that the alleged irreducible complexity of the blood clotting cascade has been disproven by peer reviewed studies
Match 213 (1): Reference (018412 .. 018442, of 34107):	Subject (008395 .. 008425, of 36359):
back to 1969 which show that dolphins and whales blood clots despite missing a part of the cascade a study that was confirmed by molecular testing in 1998 1 122 29	back to 1969 which showed that dolphins and whales blood clots despite missing a part of the cascade a study that was confirmed by molecular testing in 1998 1 122 29
Match 214 (1): Reference (018412 .. 018475, of 34107):	Subject (008395 .. 008454, of 36359):
back to 1969 which show that dolphins and whales blood clots despite missing a part of the cascade a study that was confirmed by molecular testing in 1998 1 122 29 Miller P 854 17 854 22 Additionally and more recently scientists published studies showing that in puffer fish blood clots despite the cascade missing not only one but three parts 1 128 29	back to 1969 which showed that dolphins and whales blood clots despite missing a part of the cascade a study that was confirmed by molecular testing in 1998 1 122 29 P854 17 854 22 More recently scientists published studies showing that in puffer fish blood clots despite the cascade missing not only one but three parts 1 128 29
Match 215 (1): Reference (018478 .. 018498, of 34107):	Subject (008457 .. 008476, of 36359):
scientists in peer reviewed publications have refuted Professor Behe s predication about the alleged irreducible complexity of the blood clotting cascade	scientists in peer reviewed publications have refuted Behe s prediction about the alleged irreducible complexity of the blood clotting cascade
Match 216 (1): Reference (018515 .. 018527, of 34107):	Subject (008505 .. 008520, of 36359):
designed to avoid peer reviewed scientific evidence that falsifies his argument as it	designed to avoid peer reviewed scientific evidence that falsifies his argument not a scientifically warranted redefinition
Match 217 (1): Reference (018515 .. 018533, of 34107):	Subject (008505 .. 008520, of 36359):
designed to avoid peer reviewed scientific evidence that falsifies his argument as it was not a scientifically warranted redefinition	designed to avoid peer reviewed scientific evidence that falsifies his argument not a scientifically warranted redefinition
Match 218 (1): Reference (018600 .. 018618, of 34107):	Subject (008525 .. 008545, of 36359):
However Dr Miller presented peer reviewed studies refuting Professor Behe s claim that the immune system was irreducibly complex	o 76 Dr Miller also presented peer reviewed studies refuting Professor Behe s claim that the immune system was irreducibly complex
Match 219 (1): Reference (018619 .. 018641, of 34107):	Subject (008641 .. 008663, of 36359):
Between 1996 and 2002 various studies confirmed each element of the evolutionary hypothesis explaining the origin of the immune system 2 31 Miller	between 1996 and 2005 various studies confirmed each element of the evolutionary hypothesis explaining the origin of the immune system 2 31 Miller
Match 220 (1): Reference (018619 .. 018650, of 34107):	Subject (008641 .. 008672, of 36359):
Between 1996 and 2002 various studies confirmed each element of the evolutionary hypothesis explaining the origin of the immune system 2 31 Miller In fact on cross examination Professor Behe was questioned	between 1996 and 2005 various studies confirmed each element of the evolutionary hypothesis explaining the origin of the immune system 2 31 Miller o 77 On cross examination Professor Behe was questioned
Match 221 (1): Reference (018652 .. 018668, of 34107):	Subject (008674 .. 008690, of 36359):
his 1996 claim that science would never find an evolutionary explanation for the immune system He was	his 1996 claim that science would never find an evolutionary explanation for the immune system He was
Match 222 (1): Reference (018670 .. 018689, of 34107):	Subject (008692 .. 008713, of 36359):
with fifty eight peer reviewed publications nine books and several immunology textbook chapters about the evolution of the immune system	with the fifty eight peer reviewed publications nine books and several immunology text book chapters about the evolution of the immune system
Match 223 (1): Reference (018691 .. 018711, of 34107):	Subject (008724 .. 008741, of 36359):
he simply insisted that this was still not sufficient evidence of evolution and that it was not good enough 23 19	he insisted that this was still not sufficient evidence of evolution it was not good enough 23 19
Match 224 (1): Reference (018722 .. 018737, of 34107):	Subject (008751 .. 008763, of 36359):
argument is dependent upon setting a scientifically unreasonable burden of proof for the theory of evolution	argument depends on setting a burden of proof for the theory of evolution
Match 225 (1): Reference (018746 .. 018761, of 34107):	Subject (008779 .. 008794, of 36359):
proposed by both Professors Behe and Minnich is to grow the bacterial flagellum in the laboratory	proposed by both Professors Behe and Minnich is to grow the bacterial flagellum in the laboratory
Match 226 (1): Reference (018793 .. 018802, of 34107):	Subject (008823 .. 008832, of 36359):
that the proposed test could not approximate real world conditions	that the proposed test could not approximate real world conditions
Match 227 (1): Reference (018812 .. 018822, of 34107):	Subject (008841 .. 008851, of 36359):
it would merely be a test of evolution not design 22	it would be merely a test of evolution not design 2
Match 228 (1): Reference (018836 .. 018867, of 34107):	Subject (008879 .. 008908, of 36359):
Professor Behe s claim for irreducible complexity has been refuted in peer reviewed research papers and has been rejected by the scientific community at large 17 45 46 Padian 3 99 Miller	Professor Behe s claim for irreducible complexity has been refuted in peer reviewed research papers and has been rejected by the scientific community 17 45 46 Padian 3 99 Miller
Match 229 (1): Reference (018869 .. 018881, of 34107):	Subject (008910 .. 008922, of 36359):
even if irreducible complexity had not been rejected it still does not support	even if irreducible complexity had not been rejected it still does not support
Match 230 (1): Reference (018884 .. 018898, of 34107):	Subject (008941 .. 008952, of 36359):
it is merely a test for evolution not design 2 15 2 35 40 Miller	complexity is merely a test for evolution not design 2 15 Miller
Match 231 (1): Reference (018930 .. 019038, of 34107):	Subject (009120 .. 009231, of 36359):
is the purposeful arrangement of parts Professor Behe summarized the argument as follows We infer design when we see parts that appear to be arranged for a purpose The strength of the inference is quantitative the more parts that are arranged the more intricately they interact the stronger is our confidence in design The appearance of design in aspects of biology is overwhelming Since nothing other than an intelligent cause has been demonstrated to be able to yield such a strong appearance of design Darwinian claims notwithstanding the conclusion that the design seen in life is real design is rationally justified 18 90 91 18 109 10 Behe 37	is in the purposeful arrangement of parts o 83 Professor Behe summarized the argument as follows We infer design when we see parts that appear to be arranged for a purpose The strength of the inference is quantitative the more parts that are arranged and the more intricately they interact the stronger is our confidence in design The appearance of design in aspects of biology is overwhelming Since nothing other than an intelligent cause has been demonstrated to be able to yield such a strong appearance of design Darwinian claims notwithstanding the conclusion that the design seen in life is real design is rationally justified 18 90 91 Behe slides at 7
Match 232 (1): Reference (019048 .. 019061, of 34107):	Subject (009249 .. 009262, of 36359):
a restatement of the Reverend William Paley s argument applied at the cell level	a restatement of the Reverend William Paley s argument applied at the cell level
Match 233 (1): Reference (019062 .. 019103, of 34107):	Subject (009270 .. 009312, of 36359):
Minnich Behe and Paley reach the same conclusion that complex organisms must have been designed using the same reasoning except that Professors Behe and Minnich refuse to identify the designer whereas Paley inferred from the presence of design that it was God	Minnich Minnich Behe and Paley reach the same conclusion that complex organisms must have been designed using the same reasoning except that Professors Behe and Minnich refuse to identify the designer whereas Paley inferred from the presence of design that it was God
Match 234 (1): Reference (019126 .. 019137, of 34107):	Subject (009326 .. 009336, of 36359):
Professor Behe can never be ruled out 2 40 Miller 22 101	Professor Behe admitted it can never be ruled out 22 101
Match 235 (1): Reference (019144 .. 019166, of 34107):	Subject (009345 .. 009367, of 36359):
assertion that design of biological systems can be inferred from the purposeful arrangement of parts is based upon an analogy to human design	assertion that design of biological systems can be inferred from the purposeful arrangement of parts is based on an analogy to human design
Match 236 (1): Reference (019167 .. 019177, of 34107):	Subject (009372 .. 009382, of 36359):
Because we are able to recognize design of artifacts and objects	because we are able to recognize design of artifacts and objects
Match 237 (1): Reference (019182 .. 019204, of 34107):	Subject (009383 .. 009406, of 36359):
that same reasoning can be employed to determine biological design 18 116 17 23 50 Behe Professor Behe testified that the strength of	that same reasoning can be employed to determine biological design 18 116 17 23 50 o 87 Professor Behe testified that the strength of
Match 238 (1): Reference (019204 .. 019217, of 34107):	Subject (009400 .. 009419, of 36359):
of the analogy depends upon the degree of similarity entailed in the two propositions	Professor Behe testified that the strength of an analogy depends on the degree of similarity entailed in the two propositions
Match 239 (1): Reference (019225 .. 019264, of 34107):	Subject (009429 .. 009471, of 36359):
completely fails Unlike biological systems human artifacts do not live and reproduce over time They are non replicable they do not undergo genetic recombination and they are not driven by natural selection 1 131 33 Miller 23 57 59 Behe	completely fails o 88 Unlike biological systems human artifacts do not live and reproduce over deep time They are non replicable they don t undergo genetic recombination and they are not driven by natural selection 1 131 33 Miller 23 57 59 Behe
Match 240 (1): Reference (019265 .. 019279, of 34107):	Subject (009529 .. 009542, of 36359):
For human artifacts we know the designer s identity human and the mechanism of design	For human artifacts we know the designer s identity human the mechanism of design
Match 241 (1): Reference (019281 .. 019293, of 34107):	Subject (009544 .. 009556, of 36359):
we have experience based upon empirical evidence that humans can make such things	we have experience based on empirical evidence that humans can make such things
Match 242 (1): Reference (019312 .. 019323, of 34107):	Subject (009571 .. 009582, of 36359):
1 131 33 Miller 23 63 Behe 5 55 58 Pennock With	1 131 33 Miller 23 63 Behe 5 55 58 Pennock With
Match 243 (1): Reference (019327 .. 019353, of 34107):	Subject (009587 .. 009612, of 36359):
that they refuse to propose hypotheses on the designer s identity do not propose a mechanism and the designer he she it they has never been seen	that they refuse to propose hypotheses on the designer s identity do not propose a mechanism and he she it or they has never been seen
Match 244 (1): Reference (019359 .. 019373, of 34107):	Subject (009613 .. 009628, of 36359):
Professor Minnich agreed that in the case of human artifacts and objects we know the	Professor Minnich agreed that in the case of human artifacts and objects we know who the
Match 245 (1): Reference (019381 .. 019410, of 34107):	Subject (009638 .. 009662, of 36359):
but we do not know any of those attributes for the designer of biological life 38 44 47 Minnich In addition Professor Behe agreed that for the design of human	but that we don t know any of those attributes for the designer of biological life 38 44 47 Professor Behe agreed that for human
Match 246 (1): Reference (019419 .. 019436, of 34107):	Subject (009680 .. 009697, of 36359):
and we have a baseline for human design that does not exist for design of biological systems 23	and we have a baseline for human design that does not exist for design of biological systems 23
Match 247 (1): Reference (019438 .. 019463, of 34107):	Subject (009699 .. 009722, of 36359):
73 Behe Professor Behe s only response to these seemingly insurmountable points of disanalogy was that the inference still works in science fiction movies 23 73	73 Professor Behe s only response to these insurmountable points of disanalogy was that the inference still works in science fiction movies 23 73
Match 248 (1): Reference (019473 .. 019492, of 34107):	Subject (009726 .. 009745, of 36359):
the only attribute of design that biological systems appear to share with human artifacts is their complex appearance i e	the only attribute of design that biological systems share with human artifacts is their complex appearance if it looks complex
Match 249 (1): Reference (019473 .. 019506, of 34107):	Subject (009726 .. 009755, of 36359):
the only attribute of design that biological systems appear to share with human artifacts is their complex appearance i e if it looks complex or designed it must have been designed 23 73 Behe	the only attribute of design that biological systems share with human artifacts is their complex appearance if it looks complex or designed it must have been designed 23 73 Behe
Match 250 (1): Reference (019507 .. 019533, of 34107):	Subject (009833 .. 009861, of 36359):
This inference to design based upon the appearance of a purposeful arrangement of parts is a completely subjective proposition determined in the eye of each beholder and	This inference to design based on the appearance of a purposeful arrangement of parts is a completely subjective proposition determined in the eye of each beholder Both Behe and
Match 251 (1): Reference (019545 .. 019593, of 34107):	Subject (009856 .. 009906, of 36359):
Professors Behe and Minnich assert that there is a quantitative aspect to the inference on cross examination they admitted that there is no quantitative criteria for determining the degree of complexity or number of parts that bespeak design rather than a natural process 23 50 Behe 38 59 Minnich	of each beholder Both Behe and Minnich asserted that there is a quantitative aspect to the inference but on cross examination admitted there is no quantitative criteria for determining the degree of complexity or number of parts that bespeak design rather than a natural process 23 50 Behe 38 59 Minnich
Match 252 (1): Reference (019602 .. 019617, of 34107):	Subject (009910 .. 009928, of 36359):
the entire trial only one piece of evidence generated by Defendants addressed the strength of the	the entire trial there was only one piece of evidence generated by defendants that addressed the strength of the
Match 253 (1): Reference (019619 .. 019646, of 34107):	Subject (009931 .. 009958, of 36359):
inference the argument is less plausible to those for whom God s existence is in question and is much less plausible for those who deny God s existence	inference the argument is less plausible to those for whom God s existence is in question and is much less plausible for those who deny God s existence
Match 254 (1): Reference (019658 .. 019677, of 34107):	Subject (009985 .. 010004, of 36359):
does not satisfy the ground rules of science which require testable hypotheses based upon natural explanations 3 101 03 Miller	does not satisfy the ground rules of science which require testable hypotheses based on natural explanations 3 101 03 Miller
Match 255 (1): Reference (019681 .. 019705, of 34107):	Subject (010008 .. 010034, of 36359):
upon forces acting outside of the natural world forces that we cannot see replicate control or test which have produced changes in this world While	on forces acting outside the natural world forces that we cannot see replicate control or test which have produced changes in this world 3 101 Miller While
Match 256 (1): Reference (019715 .. 019741, of 34107):	Subject (010058 .. 010084, of 36359):
they are simply not testable by scientific means and therefore cannot qualify as part of the scientific process or as a scientific theory 3 101 02 Miller	they are not testable by science and therefore cannot qualify as part of the scientific process or as a scientific hypothesis or theory 3 101 02 Miller
Match 257 (1): Reference (019760 .. 019812, of 34107):	Subject (010105 .. 010161, of 36359):
that evolutionary theory cannot account for life s complexity by pointing to real gaps in scientific knowledge which indisputably exist in all scientific theories but also by misrepresenting well established scientific propositions 1 112 1 122 1 136 37 Miller 16 74 79 17 45 46 Padian Before discussing Defendants claims about evolution	that evolutionary theory cannot account for life s complexity by pointing not only to real gaps in scientific knowledge which indisputably exist in all scientific theories but also by misrepresenting well established scientific propositions 1 112 1 122 1 136 37 Miller 16 74 79 17 45 46 Padian o 94 Before discussing defendants claims about evolution
Match 258 (1): Reference (019818 .. 019830, of 34107):	Subject (010171 .. 010183, of 36359):
overwhelming number of scientists as reflected by every scientific association that has spoken	overwhelming number of scientists as reflected by every scientific association that has spoken
Match 259 (1): Reference (019843 .. 019856, of 34107):	Subject (010331 .. 010348, of 36359):
Plaintiffs expert in biology Dr Miller a widely recognized biology professor at Brown University	plaintiffs expert in biology explained evolutionary theory Dr Miller is a widely recognized biology professor at Brown University
Match 260 (1): Reference (019884 .. 019900, of 34107):	Subject (010703 .. 010720, of 36359):
overwhelmingly accepted by the scientific community and that every major scientific association agrees 1 94 100 Miller	overwhelmingly accepted by the scientific community and that every major scientific association agrees 1 94 100 See e
Match 261 (1): Reference (019945 .. 019957, of 34107):	Subject (010796 .. 010810, of 36359):
in original Despite the scientific community s overwhelming support for evolution Defendants and	living world o 101 Despite the scientific community s overwhelming support for evolution defendants and
Match 262 (1): Reference (019959 .. 019977, of 34107):	Subject (010813 .. 010830, of 36359):
proponents insist that evolution is unsupported by empirical evidence Plaintiffs science experts Drs Miller and Padian clearly explained how	proponents insist that evolution is unsupported by empirical evidence Plaintiffs science experts Drs Miller and Padian explained how
Match 263 (1): Reference (019979 .. 019994, of 34107):	Subject (010833 .. 010848, of 36359):
proponents generally and Pandas specifically distort and misrepresent scientific knowledge in making their anti evolution argument	proponents generally and Pandas specifically distort and misrepresent scientific knowledge in making the anti evolution argument
Match 264 (1): Reference (020040 .. 020060, of 34107):	Subject (010926 .. 010949, of 36359):
of arguments against evolutionary theory found in Pandas involve paleontology which studies the life of the past and the fossil record	of the arguments against evolutionary theory in Of Pandas and People involve paleontology which studies the life of the past and the fossil record
Match 265 (1): Reference (020063 .. 020076, of 34107):	Subject (010956 .. 010969, of 36359):
Professor Padi an was the only testifying expert witness with any expertise in paleontology	Professor Kevin Padian was the only testifying expert witness with any expertise in paleontology
Match 266 (1): Reference (020084 .. 020097, of 34107):	Subject (011132 .. 011143, of 36359):
Padian s demonstrative slides pr epared on the basis of peer reviewing scientific literature	a series of demonstrative slides prepared based on peer reviewed scientific literature
Match 267 (1): Reference (020099 .. 020108, of 34107):	Subject (011147 .. 011160, of 36359):
how Pandas systematically distorts and misrepresents established important evolutionary principles	how Of Pandas and People systematically distorts and misrepresents established and important evolutionary principles
Match 268 (1): Reference (020119 .. 020145, of 34107):	Subject (011163 .. 011189, of 36359):
Pandas misrepresents the dominant form of understanding relationships between organisms namely the tree of life represented by classification determined via the method of cladistics 16 87 97	Pandas misrepresents the dominant form of understanding relationships between organisms namely the tree of life represented by classification determined via the method of cladistics 16 87 97
Match 269 (1): Reference (020148 .. 020162, of 34107):	Subject (011191 .. 011205, of 36359):
855 6 855 19 Second Pandas misrepresents homology the central concept of comparative biology that	P855 6 855 19 Pandas also misrepresents homology the central concept of comparative biology that
Match 270 (1): Reference (020188 .. 020204, of 34107):	Subject (011230 .. 011248, of 36359):
Pandas fails to address the well established biological concept of exaptation which involves a structure changing function	Pandas fails to address at all the well established biological concept of exaptation which involves a structure changing function
Match 271 (1): Reference (020207 .. 020220, of 34107):	Subject (011250 .. 011263, of 36359):
fish fins evolving fingers and bones to become legs for weight bearing land animals	fish fins evolving fingers and bones to become legs for weight bearing land animals
Match 272 (1): Reference (020233 .. 020251, of 34107):	Subject (011298 .. 011316, of 36359):
address exaptation because they deny that organisms change function which is a view necessary to support abrupt appearance Id	address exaptation because they deny that organisms change function a view necessary to support the abrupt appearance argument Id
Match 273 (1): Reference (020253 .. 020273, of 34107):	Subject (011319 .. 011340, of 36359):
Dr Padian s unrebutted testimony demonstrates that Pandas distorts and misrepresents evidence in the fossil record about pre Cambrian era fossils	Dr Padian s unrebutted testimony also demonstrates that Pandas distorts and misrepresents evidence in the fossil record about pre Cambrian era fossils
Match 274 (1): Reference (020295 .. 020305, of 34107):	Subject (011392 .. 011400, of 36359):
and the evolution of whales from land animals 16 107 17	and the evolution of whales from land animals 17
Match 275 (1): Reference (020358 .. 020373, of 34107):	Subject (011544 .. 011559, of 36359):
Dr Miller testified that Pandas treatment of biochemical similarities between organisms is inaccurate and downright false	Dr Miller testified that Pandas treatment of biochemical similarities between organisms is inaccurate and downright false
Match 276 (1): Reference (020376 .. 020386, of 34107):	Subject (011576 .. 011587, of 36359):
how Pandas misrepresents basic molecular biology concepts to advance design theory	how Pandas misrepresents basic molecular biology concepts to advance the design theory
Match 277 (1): Reference (020398 .. 020417, of 34107):	Subject (011589 .. 011605, of 36359):
example that he testified as to how Pandas misinforms readers on the standard evolutionary relationships between different types of animals	example he testified how Pandas misinforms readers on the standard evolutionary relationships between different types of animals
Match 278 (1): Reference (020452 .. 020464, of 34107):	Subject (011621 .. 011634, of 36359):
Dr Miller refuted Pandas claim that evolution cannot account for new genetic information	Dr Miller also refuted Pandas claim that evolution cannot account for new genetic information
Match 279 (1): Reference (020466 .. 020488, of 34107):	Subject (011637 .. 011659, of 36359):
pointed to more than three dozen peer reviewed scientific publications showing the origin of new genetic information by evolutionary processes 1 133 36	pointed to more than three dozen peer reviewed scientific publications showing the origin of new genetic information by evolutionary processes 1 133 36
Match 280 (1): Reference (020466 .. 020504, of 34107):	Subject (011637 .. 011673, of 36359):
pointed to more than three dozen peer reviewed scientific publications showing the origin of new genetic information by evolutionary processes 1 133 36 Miller P 245 In summary Dr Miller testified that Pandas misrepresents molecular biology and genetic principles	pointed to more than three dozen peer reviewed scientific publications showing the origin of new genetic information by evolutionary processes 1 133 36 P245 In sum Dr Miller testified that Pandas misrepresents molecular biology and genetics principles
Match 281 (1): Reference (020508 .. 020534, of 34107):	Subject (011675 .. 011701, of 36359):
the current state of scientific knowledge in those areas in order to teach readers that common descent and natural selection are not scientifically sound 1 139 42	the current state of scientific knowledge in those areas in order to teach readers that common descent and natural selection are not scientifically sound 1 139 42
Match 282 (1): Reference (020536 .. 020554, of 34107):	Subject (011770 .. 011788, of 36359):
Accordingly the one textbook to which the Dover ID Policy directs students contains outdated concepts and badly flawed science	o 111 In sum the one textbook to which the Dover policy directs students contains badly flawed and scientifically
Match 283 (1): Reference (020571 .. 020586, of 34107):	Subject (011818 .. 011833, of 36359):
has failed to demonstrate scientific warrant is the complete absence of peer reviewed publications supporting the	has failed to demonstrate scientific warrant is the complete absence of peer reviewed publications supporting the
Match 284 (1): Reference (020592 .. 020602, of 34107):	Subject (011833 .. 011843, of 36359):
the peer review process is exquisitely important in the scientific process	the concept Peer review is exquisitely important in the scientific process
Match 285 (1): Reference (020604 .. 020638, of 34107):	Subject (011849 .. 011883, of 36359):
is a way for scientists to write up their empirical research and to share the work with fellow experts in the field opening up the hypotheses to study testing and criticism 1 66 69 Miller	is a way for scientists to write up their empirical research and to share the work with fellow experts in the field opening up the hypotheses to study testing and criticism 1 66 69 Miller
Match 286 (1): Reference (020642 .. 020652, of 34107):	Subject (012075 .. 012087, of 36359):
expert Professor Behe recognizes the importance of the peer review process	expert Professor Behe recognizes the importance to science of the peer review process
Match 287 (1): Reference (020654 .. 020663, of 34107):	Subject (012091 .. 012100, of 36359):
has written that science must publish or perish 22 19	has written that science must publish or perish 22 19
Match 288 (1): Reference (020666 .. 020722, of 34107):	Subject (011884 .. 011945, of 36359):
Peer review helps to ensure that research papers are scientifically accurately meet the standards of the scientific method and are relevant to other scientists in the field 1 39 40 Miller Moreover peer review involves scientists submitting a manuscript to a scientific journal in the field journal editors soliciting critical reviews from other experts in the field	Peer review helps to ensure that research papers are scientifically accurate meet the standards of the scientific method and are relevant and interesting to other scientists in the field 1 39 40 Miller o 113 Peer review involves scientists submitting a manuscript to a scientific journal in the field The journal editors will solicit critical reviews from other experts in the field
Match 289 (1): Reference (020724 .. 020742, of 34107):	Subject (011948 .. 011966, of 36359):
deciding whether the scientist has followed proper research procedures employed up to date methods considered and cited relevant literature	decide whether the scientist has followed proper research procedures employed up to date methods considered and cited relevant literature
Match 290 (1): Reference (020743 .. 020752, of 34107):	Subject (011973 .. 011982, of 36359):
and generally whether the researcher has employed sound science The	and generally whether the researcher has employed sound science The
Match 291 (1): Reference (020761 .. 020772, of 34107):	Subject (012304 .. 012315, of 36359):
is not supported by any peer reviewed research data or publications Both	is not supported by any peer reviewed research data or publications Both
Match 292 (1): Reference (020774 .. 020795, of 34107):	Subject (012317 .. 012338, of 36359):
Padian and Forrest testified that recent literature reviews of scientific and medical electronic databases disclosed no studies supporting a biological concept of	Padian and Forrest testified that recent literature reviews of scientific and medical electronic databases disclosed no studies supporting a biological concept of
Match 293 (1): Reference (020806 .. 020847, of 34107):	Subject (012354 .. 012393, of 36359):
cross examination Professor Behe admitted that There are no peer reviewed articles by anyone advocating for intelligent design supported by pertinent exp